Tuesday, January 13, 2009

Fu Nam (Phù Nam) Vases in Mekong Delta

Fu Nam (Phù Nam) Vases

Fu Nam (Phù Nam) Vase - Found in Mekong Delta, Oc Eo Culture

Fu Nam Vase - Oc Eo Culture - Found in Mekong Delta


Fu Nam Vases (top and bottom) - Found in Mekong Delta, estimated 4th-6th Century

Champa Collections

Champa Collections

Champa (Khome?) Budda in Stone - Estimated 10th -16th Century

Small Champa Tower - Unknown Style and Year

Champa Vase

Champa Elephant - Estimated 14th - 16th Century

The Kingdom of Champa

The Kingdom of Champa

(Source Wikipedia)

The towers of Po Sa Nu (Pho Hai) near Phan Thiết may be the oldest extant Cham buildings. In style, they exhibit the influence of pre-Angkorian Cambodia. (Wekipeida)


The kingdom of Champa (Chăm Pa in Vietnamese or Chiêm Thành in Hán Việt records) was an Indianized kingdom of Malayo-Polynesian origins and controlled what is now southern and central Vietnam from approximately the 7th century through to 1832. It has the oldest known written Malay language from the 4th century AD, predating Sumatran texts by 300 years. [Coedes, 1939] Champa was preceded in the region by a kingdom called Lin-yi or Lâm Ấp (in existence since 192 A.D.), but the historical relationship between Lin-yi and Champa is not clear. Champa reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries A.D. Thereafter began a gradual decline under pressure from the Đại Việt which was then Northern Vietnam. In 1471, Viet troops sacked the northern Cham capital of Vijaya, and in 1697 the southern principality of Panduranga became a vassal of the Vietnamese emperor. In 1832, the Vietnamese emperor Minh Mang annexed the remaining Cham territories.

Geography of historical Champa

Between the 7th and the 15th century A.D., Champa at times included the modern Vietnamese provinces of Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận, and Bình Thuận. Though Cham territory included the mountainous zones west of the coastal plain and (at times) extended into present-day Laos, for the most part the Cham remained a seafaring people dedicated to trade, and maintained few settlements of any size away from the coast.

Historical Champa was a confederation of up to five principalities, each named after a historic region in India:

Indrapura - The city of Indrapura is now called Dong Duong, not many miles from present-day Da Nang and Huế. Da Nang used to be the city of Singhapura and is close to the valley of My Son, site of many ruined temples and towers. The area once controlled by this principality included present-day Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên–Huế provinces.

Amaravati (present-day Quảng Nam province).
Vijaya (Champa) - The city of Vijaya is now called Cha Ban but it lies just a few miles north of present-day Qui Nhon in Bình Định province. For a time, Vijaya principality controlled much of present-day Quang-Nam, Quang-Ngai, Binh Dinh, and Phu Yen provinces.

Kauthara - The city of Kauthara is now called Nha Trang in present-day Khánh Hòa province.
Panduranga (Champa) - The city of Panduranga is now called Phan Rang in present-day Ninh Thuận province). Panduranga was the last of the Cham territories to be annexed by the Vietnamese.

Within the four principalities there were two main groups: the Dua and the Cau. The Dua lived in Amarvati and Vijaya while the Cau lived in Kauthara and Pandaranga. The two clans differed in their customs and habits and conflicting interests led to many clashes and even war. But they usually managed to settle disagreements through intermarriage.[1]

Monday, January 12, 2009

Mystery Woman of the Chu Dau

Mystery woman of the Chu Dau ceramics
(Source Vietnam News)

A sunken ship discovered off the coast of Hoi An in 2000 set off a wave of interest in the rare ceramics within. Nguyen My Ha and Ta Quynh Hoa unravel the mystery of the 15th century artisian who created some of the works

Chu Dau Vase, 15th Century made by Bui Thi Hy - Museum in Istanbul, Turkey

At 62 years of age, Bui Xuan Nhan buried himself in newspapers and magazines, sifting through piles of archived materials to research the Gia Loc District Communist Party for a competition. But during his search, he stumbled across an article that would take him far from his initial pursuit and towards astonishing findings about trade and the place of women in Vietnamese history.

Nhan and his nephew, Bui Duc Loi, worked together to produce a 200-page collection of hand-written texts with more than 300 of Loi’s photographs picturing many villages in Gia Loc District of Hai Duong Province. The collection, which took four months to complete, was awarded a special jury prize in 2006 and is now on display at the House of Tradition in Gia Loc District.

However, after completing their project, Nhan and Loc remained curious about a passage from one of the articles. In 1980, a former cultural attache at the Japanese Embassy in Ha Noi, Makoto Anabuki, wrote a letter to a communist party secretary. The letter was written in regards to an inscription on a blue and white vase displayed at the Topkapi Saraji Museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Its inscription read, "The eighth year of Thai Hoa reign, Nam Sach District, sculptor Bui Thi Hy penned."

An avid aficionado of Vietnamese culture, Anabuki posed three questions in his letter: First, what part of Nam Thanh District was called Nam Sach in the 15th century? Second, where did Bui Thi Hy learn and produce her craft? Third, could he contact archaeologists and fine artists to help research this ancient kiln?

Lost craft

Prior to Annabuki’s letter, archaeologists knew nothing of Chu Dau ceramics. There were antiques in government and private collections, but they were wrongly categorised as ceramics from Bat Trang, 16km north of Ha Noi. The closest matches local archaeologists could find were inscriptions found on oil lamps by craftsman Dang Huyen Thong in Thanh Lam District, located only two kilometres from Chu Dau.

After reading the letter, archaeologist Tang Ba Hoanh, the then director of Hai Duong Museum, conducted two excavations to help confirm the existence of Chu Dau ceramics, and in 1983 several ancient ceramic kilns, including Chu Dau’s, were discovered. Hoanh agreed that the letter "played a vital role in discovering the Chu Dau site".

Chu Dau Ceramic, 15th Century


Archaeologists now agree that Chu Dau ceramic guild started in the 15th century and lasted for almost 200 years. The craft all but vanished until Anabuki’s letter brought renewed interest to the ceramics.

In 2000, Chu Dau ceramics made world news when thousands of pieces were discovered in a sunken ship off Hoi An. Because the Government at the time could not afford the salvage costs, 90 per cent of the antiques went to the American salvager. They were pictured in detail in two catalogues calling the 2,316 piece collection, Treasures from the Hoi An Hoard. They were auctioned that year, the smallest pieces selling for US$1,000 or more.

Chu Dau subsequently experienced a wave of treasure hunters creating years of chaos for the village. Villagers dug up their yards, their gardens and even their floors in hopes of discovering more antiques. The craze cooled down after the digging spree yielded nothing more than old kiln remnants, broken bowls and pot supports. Though these were not of great value for collectors, they offered strong proof that Chu Dau was once a ceramic centre.

Living only 20km south of Chu Dau, successors of the Bui clan, Bui Xuan Nhan and Bui Duc Loi, had no idea their ancestors founded a successful ceramic guild. But as Nhan continued to ponder Anabuki’s second question of where the woman learned her craft, he recalled that his own ancestors had once had a ceramics business. With this in mind, he spoke to Loi, and they went in search of the author of the article containing the letter, Tang Ba Hoanh, who was now Chairman of the Hai Duong Historical Society. With them, they brought a copy of their family annals, so Hoanh could help them makes sense of the Han-Chinese characters.

Hoanh wrote in a recent article for the Viet Nam Historical Society magazine, that he felt the search for the artisan on the vase had begun to fade after 26 years of continuous efforts despite continuing disagreements regarding the gender of the vase’s maker.

But shortly thereafter, Hoanh remembers hearing a knock on his door. The two Bui clan presented him with the information which years of search had not yet yielded. "The issue had become almost hopeless, but then at 2.30pm on May 29, 2006, Bui Duc Loi and Bui Xuan Nhan gave me two leaflets from their family annals and some ceramic samples," Hoanh wrote.

After reading the excerpts, Hoanh went and retrieved an older, cloth version of the annals. The paper version had been copied in 1932, the year of the Monkey under King Bao Dai, by Nhan’s father, village chief Bui Duc Nhuan. It had been copied from another cloth version in 1832, the year of the Dragon under King Minh Menh.


According to the oldest version, the founder of the Bui clan in Quang Anh fief was Bui Dinh Nghia, son of general Bui Quoc Hung of Son Tay Province. Bui Dinh Nghia was born in 1387 and in 1407 he moved to Quang Anh (what is today Quang Tien Hamlet, Dong Quang Commune in Gia Loc District, Hai Duong Province) to flee from Ming invaders. There he had two children. The elder daughter was Bui Thi Hy, born in the year of the Rat, 1420, and a son, Bui Dinh Khoi, was born in the year of the Cat, 1423.

The annals stated that Bui Thi Hy was a talented lady of literature and writing, blessed with a special talent for drawing. She disguised herself as a man to sit in the royal exams. She made it to the third round before being exposed and expelled. She later married Dang Si, a rich man who owned a ceramic business in Chu Dau, Thanh Lam District of Nam Sach, and there she showed great skill as a potter. In the 10th year of Thai Hoa reign in 1452, she and her husband went to Quang Anh to help her brother Bui Dinh Khoi set up a ceramic kiln on the northern edge of the fief near Dinh Dao canal. From here, they were able to transport ceramics by boat to Chu Dau, and they co-operated with Chu Dau to make ceramic offerings to the Royal Court. They also exported to merchants in the northern country (China), Japan and the West. Year by year, the Bui clan in Quang Anh grew wealthier.

Lady Hy never had children, so in her old age, she moved back to her father’s home and died there at the age of 80 on the 12th day of the eighth month of the Year of the Goat, 1499.

Vietnamese Antiques - Chu Dau Style

Vietnamese Antiques - Chu Dau Style 15th Century (Private Collection)

Large Chu Dau Plate 40cm, 15th Century - Ancient Vietnamese Lion (Con Nghê?) stands on coin surrounding with clouds


Medium Chu Dau Plate 32cm


15th Century Plate With Young Bird, 20cm


15th Century Ancient Bird Wine Bottle


Chu Dau, 15th Century Plate 20cm With Old Ancient Bird


Vase and Bowl 15th Century


Three Colors (Tam Thai) Bowl, 15th Century



17th Century Chinese Vase and 15th Century Vietnamese Vase

Saturday, January 10, 2009

Menu in Paris.........

Menu in Paris, Praha, Japan and .....

Paris Hoa Lệ

Thực đơn ở Nhật

Ăn trưa ở Praha

Ăn phở Việt Nam bằng tô Tam Thái 500 năm cổ thì còn gì bằng....



Wednesday, January 7, 2009

Ăn Cắp, Độc Tài và Phở

May 31 - Hôm nay máy bay ghé phi trường Japan vài tiếng trước khi về lại San Francisco, rảnh rổi ngồi đọc ba cái tin xe cán chó trên net nên mới có chuyện viết, nhiều điều không nói không được. Hồi tháng 3 vừa rồi, bà Võ thị Hồng Phiếu tổng giám đốc hãng bia ở Huế, kiêm bí thư đảng ủy đi Thái du lịch. Vô khu mua sắm máu tham nổi lên, dòm trước dòm lui đớp cái kính $120 dollars bỏ túi. Tới chừng sắp sửa lên máy bay bị an ninh giữ lại, lập biên bản phạt, giam cho hai tháng tù ở Bangkok về tội ăn cắp, vừa quê vừa nhục. Hình như bà không biết hệ thống thu hình theo dõi từng ly, từng tý. Thấy để hớ hênh, bản chất ăn cắp tham nhũng ở Việt Nam quen, ra nước ngoài tưởng bở, cầm lòng không đặng nên dính chấu.

Bà Võ Thị Hồng Phiếu, Tổng giám đốc hảng bia ở Huế

Vụ mấy tay Đài loan mở văn phòng dịch vụ lao động, tuyển người Việt làm mướn, làm người ở, rồi hành hạ, hiếp dâm, bạo dâm đăng hai ba hôm trên báo. Thậm chí còn quay phim, chụp hình đem bán. Báo Đài Loan cho biết có hơn 300 người đã từng được văn phòng này môi giới, trong số đó không biết bao nhiêu cô đã từng bị hãm hiếp, ước lượng có thể lên đến con số 200 . Thân nghèo, phận bạc bị ngoại bang làm nhục, bị hiếp đáp nhưng sứ quán đã không bênh vực, còn về hùa với kẻ ác che đậy nội vụ, ém nhẹm.

Nhìn nhà nước thỏa hiệp với bọn ác, ngang nhiên tồn tại, thách thức dư luận. Tôi liên tưởng đến chế độ độc tài giống như băng đảng, muốn dứt điểm phải chơi kiểu anh chị. Tiếc là Năm Cam đi sớm, không biết chừng nào Sáu Quít xuất hiện cho dân nhờ. Rút kinh nghiệm, chơi lẻ tẻ, ăn xổi thế nào cũng ôm đầu máu. Bẻ họng mấy tay anh chị trong Bộ chính tri phải học cách đánh của "con muổi" bố già Đài loan Hsu Hai-ching, lật cuốn tam thập lục kế, học chước kim thuyền thoát xác hồi xưa nhưng đánh thêm kế 37 tân thời, trong đánh ngoài la, …..may ra mới dẹp được đám gangster Hà Nội.

Gần nữa tháng xa nhà, thèm phở thèm cơm. Hôm qua đọc bài phở của cha nội ký giả trên tờ Rocky Mountain News tôi muốn bay về càng sớm càng tốt. Cái món phở không riêng gì người Việt, người Mỹ mà Hàn Quốc, Đài Loan, Nhật cũng ưa. Lâu lâu nó cứ hỏi tôi cái món soup bò của tụi mày tao thích lắm. Tiệm ở Denver anh chàng Mỹ ca tận mây xanh tôi đã ăn rồi, sao so sánh được phở California. Cha nội này chưa nếm thứ thượng hạng nên cứ tưởng ở thiên đàng phở, thực ra phở ngon tuyệt không phải phở ở tiệm, phở nấu ở nhà mới đúng thứ hảo công phu.

Vụ phở này vợ chồng tôi cũng đã bỏ ra thời gian tầm sư học đạo, vừa tự nghiên cứu, chế biến, thử tới thử lui, ăn chổ này, chổ kia, từ Nam Bắc Cali cho đến Saigon, Hà Nội, Hán thành, Đài Bắc, Denver, Texas…. Tô phở ngon, bưng ra phải bốc thơm ngào ngat, không chỉ có mùi hồi mà còn tới bốn năm mùi khác quyện nhau, dân ăn phở khó đoán mùi gì, dân nấu phở mới đủ tư cách nói trúng 90/100. Nước phở thật trong, bánh phở cần dày và vừa phải, không quá nhỏ quá to. Bánh vừa chín, thịt vừa tươi vừa mềm. Ăn phở xong rồi tô vẫn còn hâm hẩm nóng, thịt để trên mặt khi dọn ra không làm đục nước béo cò.

Húp một muỗng phở nghe chạy rần rật tận cuống họng, vị ngọt của xương bò nấu vừa đủ lượng, không phải của bột ngọt, của đường. Hành trần, hành lá, hành tây chỉ đệm hương hoa, không quyết định giá trị tô phở. Tô phở buối sáng ăn thường ngon hơn buổi chiều, vì phở mới nấu qua đêm, còn đầy đủ hương vị. Chờ tới chiều nồi phở bị quậy tứ tung, chưa kể thiếu nước cốt ông chủ pha bột ngọt, đổ thêm nước. Có món nào trên đời mà sáng, trưa, chiều, tối ăn được hết?.

Chưa hết, tô phở ngon không bảo đảm khách ăn ngon. Phở ngon cách mấy mà gặp cô chạy bàn hổn hào, vụng về thì người ăn mất hứng. Bưng tổ phở, mặt đăm đăm nên về nhà cho con bú. Khách vô chẳng nở nụ cười, như ăn hết của như chồng tát tai…. thì tiệm đóng cửa là vừa. Phục vụ khách là nghệ thuật, không phải hạ tiện như một số người Việt có thành kiến, mặc cảm, tự ty. Bạn thử bước vô tiệm ăn, tiệm buôn, chợ… ở Nhật, ở Hán Thành, ở Đài Nam, Đài Bắc thì biết họ chiều khách ra sao. Đầu cúi rạp, mĩm cười như hoa, miệng hô chào khách vang trời. Khách chưa ăn tô phở đã thấy nóng ran người. Khách kẹo cách mấy, bảo đãm tiền típ cũng không đến nổi tệ.

Tôi làm cái job này là job cuối cùng. Hảng hết xài đi mở tiệm phở, tiệm mì cho biết đá biết vàng. Mấy năm tu luyện chỉ chờ dịp vợ chồng xuống núi. Bảo đảm ăn không ngon không tính tiền, phục vụ không đẹp không mở tiệm phở làm gì. Bạn ráng chờ nghe.


Đài Loan, tháng 6 năm 2005